Operators and Expressions
DBMS Tutorial 3.1
SQL Basics
Arithmetic Operators:
Operator
|
Symbol
|
Usage
|
Result
|
Addition
|
+
|
15 + 5
|
20
|
Subtraction
|
-
|
15 - 5
|
10
|
Multiplication
|
*
|
15 * 5
|
75
|
Division
|
/
|
15 / 5
|
3
|
Comparison Operators:
Operator
|
Symbol
|
Usage
|
Result
|
Equal to
|
=
|
15 = 5
|
false
|
Not equal to
|
<>
|
15 <> 5
|
true
|
Greater than
|
>
|
15 > 5
|
true
|
Greater than equal to
|
>=
|
15 >= 5
|
true
|
Less than
|
<
|
15 < 5
|
false
|
Less than equal to
|
<=
|
15 <= 5
|
false
|
Note: There is one important difference between Equal To comparison operator in programming languages and SQL. While SQL uses a single '=', programming languages typically use double '=' to distinguish it from the assignment operator.
Operation
|
Python Operator
|
SQL Operator
|
Assignment
|
=
|
=
|
Equality check
|
==
|
=
|
Other Comparison Operators:
Operator
|
Symbol
|
Usage
|
Example
|
Range
|
BETWEEN <lower limit> AND <upper limit>
|
Matches value between a range of values (Both inclusive)
|
Salary BETWEEN 2500 AND 3000
|
List
|
IN (List of values)
|
Matches any of a list of values
|
Dept IN ('IVS', 'ETA', 'ICP')
|
String pattern matching
|
LIKE
|
Matches a character pattern
|
SupplierId LIKE 'S%'
|
NULL Test
|
IS NULL
|
Is a null value
|
Bonus IS NULL
|
Logical Operators:
Operator
|
Symbol
|
Usage
|
Example
|
And
|
AND
|
Returns TRUE if both conditions are true
|
Salary >= 30000 AND Dept = 'ETA'
|
Or
|
OR
|
Returns TRUE if any one of the condition is true
|
Salary > 75000 OR Dept = 'ICP'
|
Not
|
NOT
|
Returns TRUE if the following condition is false
|
Id NOT IN (2,3)
|
Expressions:
Similar to arithmetic expressions in programming languages, SQL expressions are created from constant values, operators, and brackets. They evaluate to a single value and are used in SELECT and WHERE clauses. Some examples are provided below:
Operators and Expressions
DBMS Tutorial 3.1
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| Operators and Expressions - SQL Basics |
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